圣经教义 – 罪论

OUTLINE FOR CHAPTER V   第五章 罪论的纲要

HAMARTIOLOGY 罪论

I. The Origin of Sin.  壹. 罪的起源。
A. The Entrance of Sin into the Universe. 罪的进入世界。
B. The Introduction of Sin into the Human Race. 罪的开始在人类中出现。

II. The Reality of Sin. 贰. 罪的现实
A. Scripture Declares the Fact of Sin. 圣经宣告罪的事实
B. Nature Proclaims the Fact of Sin. 大自然宣告罪的事实
C. Law Discovers the Fact of Sin. 律法揭发出罪的事实
D. Experience Proves the Fact of Sin. 经验证明罪的事实
E. Man Confesses the Fact of Sin. 人承认有罪的事实

III. The Nature of Sin.  叁. 罪的本质。
A. The Modern View of Sin. 罪的现代观。
B. The Biblical View of Sin. 罪的圣经观。
C. The Scriptural Statement of Sin. 圣经所声明的罪。
D. The Theological Definitions of Sin. 罪的神学定义。
E. The Summary of Scripture Concerning Sin. 圣经对于罪的概述。

IV. The Extent of Sin.  肆. 罪的延伸
A. As to the Heavens. 及至天堂
B. As to the Earth. 及至地上人间

V. The Realm of Sin. 伍. 罪的范畴
A. As an Act. 在个人行为上
B. As a State. 在状态上
C. As a Nature. 在其本性上

VI. The Penalty of Sin.  陆. 罪的刑罚
A. The Natural Penalty. 自然的刑罚
B. The Positive Penalty. 正向的刑罚

Chapter V  第五章

HAMARTIOLOGY 罪论

Hamartiology is derived from the Greek word, hamartia, meaning “sin.” Thus, hamartiology is the doctrine of sin.
罪论这字原文 Hamartiology来自希腊语hamartia，意思为“罪”。因此，hamartiology是罪的教义。

I. THE ORIGIN OF SIN

A. The Entrance of Sin into the Universe.

Turning to Ezekiel 28:11-19 we see that it was Lucifer who brought sin into the universe: “Thine heart was lifted up because of thy beauty, thou hast corrupted thy wisdom by reason of thy brightness: I will cast thee to the ground, I will lay thee before kings, that they may behold thee” (v. 17). There was no sin before Lucifer sinned and became the Devil — Satan. His sin, the first in the universe, was when he chose his will over God’s will, desiring to be equal with God. Why did God allow sin to enter into the universe? This is one question God has not answered as yet.

B. The Introduction of Sin into the Human Race.

As there is sin in the human race, there must have been a beginning of sin. If there is no beginning of sin, man was created in sin. Thus, God is the creator of sin; but He is not. Sin came into the human race through deception and disobedience, motivated by unbelief. “Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived was in the transgression” (I Tim. 2:14). Why did God allow man to sin? The only possible answer we can give is Ephesians 2:7: “That in the ages to come he might shew the exceeding riches of his grace in his kindness toward us through Christ Jesus.”

壹.  罪的起源

A.罪的进入世界

翻开以西结书28:11-19，我们看到将罪带入世界的是路西弗：“你因美丽心中高傲、又因荣光败坏智慧、我已将你摔倒在地．使你倒在君王面前、好叫他们目睹眼见。”（第17节）。在路西弗犯罪而成为撒旦 -魔鬼之前，世界上原本是没有罪的。宇宙中的第一个罪-路西弗所犯的，是当牠想要与神平等，想要以自己的意志高过神的旨意。至于，为什麽​神允许罪进入宇宙呢？这是神还没有回答的一个问题。

B.罪在人类当中的开始。

既然在人类中有罪，罪就必定有一个开始。如果没有罪之起源的话，人就是在被造时就有罪了。若那样的话，神便是罪的创造者了; 但神不是罪的创造者！罪是经由人的被引诱和悖逆，加上不信而进入到人类的。（提摩太后书2:14） “不是亚当被引诱、乃是女人被引诱、陷在罪裡”。而为什麽神帝允许人犯罪呢？我们可以给出的唯一可能答桉是在以弗所书的2章7节：“神要将祂极丰富的恩典、就是祂在基督耶稣裡向我们所施的恩慈、显明给后来的世代看。”

II. THE REALITY OF SIN

A. Scripture Declares the Fact of Sin.

“All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God” (Rom. 3:23). “The Scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe” (Gal. 3:22).

B. Nature Proclaims the Fact of Sin.

“We know that the whole creation groaneth and travaileth in pain together unto now” (Rom. 8:22).

C. Law Discovers the Fact of Sin.

“By the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin” (Rom. 3:20). The Apostle Paul thought that he was free from sin until he looked into the mirror of God’s law: “Nay, I had not known sin, but by the law: for I had not known lust, except the law had said, Thou shalt not covet” (Rom. 7:7b).

D. Experience Proves the Fact of Sin.

The experiences of Moses, David, Peter and John reveal the facts of sin. Even your own experience substantiates it.

E. Man Confesses the Fact of Sin.

1. Saints Have Owned Up to It. It was Job who said, “I am vile, and I abhor myself.” Isaiah declared, “Woe is me, for I am undone.” Daniel, of whom no breath of sin is mentioned, said, “My comeliness was turned into corruption.” Jeremiah confessed, “I am black.” Peter cried, “Depart from me, I am a sinful man.” Paul stated, “Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief.” Luther revealed, “I am afraid more of my heart than the Pope and all the Cardinals.” Moody said, “The man I have the most trouble with is the man who walks under my hat.”

2. Sinners have Owned Up to It. The Scriptures abound with the confession of the sinner and his sin: Pharaoh declared, “I have sinned this time” (Ex. 9:27b). Achan answered, “Indeed I have sinned” (Josh. 7:20b). Balaam admitted, “I have sinned,” (Num. 22:34b). Even Judas, who betrayed the Lord, said, “I have sinned” (Matt. 27:4).

贰。 罪的实际

A.圣经宣告罪的事实。

“所有人都犯了罪，亏缺了神的荣耀”（罗马书3:23）。 “圣经把众人都圈在罪裡、使所应许的福因信耶稣基督、归给那信的人”（加拉太书3:22）。

B.大自然宣告罪的事实。

“我们知道一切受造之物、一同歎息劳苦、直到如今。”（罗马书8:22）。

C.律法揭发出罪的事实。

（罗马书3:20）“所以凡有血气的没有一个因行律法、能在　神面前称义．因为律法本是叫人知罪。（新译本：藉着律法，人对于罪才有充分的认识）”。使徒保罗原认为他自己是没有罪的，直到他从上帝律法的镜子看到自己有罪：“如果不是藉着律法，我就不知道什么是罪；如果不是律法说“不可贪心”，我就不知道什么是贪心。“（罗马书7:7下）。

D.经历证明罪的事实。。

摩西，大卫，使徒彼得和约翰的经历揭示了罪的真理。甚至你自己的经历也证实了这一点。

E.人承认自己是有罪的事实。

1.圣徒认自己带有罪的。如约伯说的：“我很卑鄙… 我厌恶自己” (约伯记40:4, 42:6）。以赛亚则宣称：“祸哉、我灭亡了” （以赛亚书6:5)。未沾染任何罪恶气息的但以理在神面前自认有罪，说：“我见了..便面貌失色、浑身无力“（但以理书10:8，17)。 耶利米承认得罪了耶和华，因而”我哀痛” (耶8:21)… 彼得哭说”离开我吧，因我是个罪人“（路加5:8)。保罗说“基督耶稣降世，为要拯救罪人… 在罪人中我是个罪魁。”（提摩太前书1:15) ; 马丁路德曾说，“我畏惧教皇和所有的红衣主教，但我更畏惧我的心”； 神学家穆迪说，“最让我麻烦的人就是那个在我帽子下的那个人-我自己。”

2.罪人认自己是有罪的。 圣经裡有不少承认自己有罪的人：法老宣称：“这一次我犯罪了”（出埃及记9:27b）。亚干回答说：“我实在犯罪得罪了耶和华以色列的　神”（约书亚记7 :20b）巴兰承认“我有罪了”（民数记22:34b）。连那背叛出卖主的犹大，也说：“我有罪了”（马太福音27:4）。

III. THE NATURE OF SIN

A. The Modern View of Sin.

1. Society Calls It Indiscretion.

2. Scholars Label It Ignorance.

3. Evolutionists Say it is the Trait of the Beast.

4. Christian Scientists Teach It Is the Absence From Good.

5. The Fleshly Man Excuses It As Amiable Weakness.

6. The New Theologians Declare It Is Merely Selfishness.

叁。罪的本質

A.现代人对罪的观点

1.社会称之为轻率的不良行为。

2.学者们将它定标籤为无知。

3.进化论者说那是兽性。

4.基督教科学派说罪是一种缺乏良善。

5.血肉情慾的人辩解说罪是可怜的软弱。

6.有新神学家们宣称说它只是自私。

B. The Biblical View of Sin.

1. Sin Is Missing the Mark. “All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God” (Rom. 3:23).See also Romans 5:12. Sin means “to miss the divine aim of God.”

2. Sin Is Transgression. “Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law” (I John 3:4). Transgression of the law may be deliberate or unintentional. Either is sin. There was sin before the law, but there was no transgression. See Numbers 4:15; Joshua 7:11, 15; Isaiah 24:5; Daniel 9:11; Hosea 6:7; 8:1.

3. Sin Is Bending of That Which Is Right. “Righteous” means straight. Sin is the bending of that which was once straight. “David spake unto the LORD when he saw the angel that smote the people, and said, Lo, I have sinned, and have done wickedly: but these sheep, what have they done? let thine hand, I pray thee, be against me, and against my father’s house” (II Sam. 24:17). See also Romans 1:18; 6:13; II Thessalonians 2:12; II Peter 2:15; I John 5:17.

4. Sin Is Rebellion Against God. “Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth: for the LORD hath spoken, I have nourished and brought up children and they have rebelled against me” (Is. 1:2). See also II Thessalonians 2:4, 8.

5. Sin Is a Debt. “Forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors” (Matt. 6:12). See also Luke 11:4. The words “duty” (Luke 17:10), “ought” (John 13:14) and “bound” (II Thess. 2:13) are all from the same Greek word denoting debt.

6. Sin Is Disobedience. Sin is a lack of response to God. “In time past ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience” (Eph. 2:2). See also Ephesians 5:6; John 3:36, R. V.

7. Sin Is a Deviation From God’s Requirement. This means a fall; every offense against God is a fall. Sin is always a fall that hurts. “If ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you” (Matt. 6:14). See also Galatians 6:1; Romans 5:15-20.

8. Sin Is Unbelief. “He that believeth on the Son of God hath the witness in himself: he that believeth not God hath made him a liar; because he believeth not the record that God gave of his Son” (I John 5:10).

9. Sin Is Impiety, or Ungodliness. “To him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieththe ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness” (Rom. 4:5). “When we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly” (Rom. 5:6). See also I Timothy 1:9; I Peter 4:18; II Peter 2:5, 7; Jude 4, 15.

10. Sin Is Iniquity. By this we mean a wrong doing to the moral order of the universe. “Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies,envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like: of the which I tell you before, as I have also told you in time past, that they that do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God” (Gal. 5:19-21). See also Colossians 3:5-9; Mark 7:19, 20.

B.罪的圣经观。

1.罪是没达到标靶。 “世人都犯了罪，亏缺了神的荣耀”（罗马书3:23）。参见罗马书5:12。罪意味着“没有达到上帝的神圣标靶”。

2.犯了过错是罪.. （约翰一书3:4）“凡犯罪的、就是违背律法．违背律法就是罪。”。违反法律可能是有意的或是无意的。两者都是罪。在法律面前违背了就是罪，绝无犯了过错却被视为无罪的。见民数记4:15; 约书亚记7:11,15; 以赛亚书24:5; 但以理书9:11; 何西阿书6:7; 8:1。

3.屈枉正直是罪。 “正义”意味着正直。罪是弯曲那原本正直的。（撒母耳记下24:17） “大卫看见灭民的天使、就祷告耶和华、说、我犯了罪、行了恶．但这群羊作了甚麽呢？愿你的手攻击我、和我的父家”。另见罗马书1:18; 6:13; 帖撒罗尼迦后书2:12; 彼得后书2:15; 约翰一书5:17。

4.悖逆神是罪。（以赛亚书1:2） “天哪、要听、地啊、侧耳而听．因为耶和华说、我养育儿女、将他们养大、他们竟悖逆我。”。另见帖撒罗尼迦后书2:4,8。

5.罪是个债。（马太福音6:12） “免我们的债、如同我们免了人的债”。另见路加福音11:4。以下的字都来自同一个希腊词，表示债的意思： “duty-本份”（路加福音17:10），“ought-应当”（约翰福音13:14）和“bound-本该”（帖撒罗尼迦后书2:13）都表示欠有债。

6.悖逆神是罪。罪是一种向神回应欠缺的行为。 “那时、你们在其中行事为人随从今世的风俗、顺服空中掌权者的首领、就是现今在悖逆之子心中运行的邪灵．”（以弗所书2:2）。以弗所书5:6; 约翰福音3:3。

7.偏离神的要求是罪。。这意味着跌倒堕落; 每一个违背神的行为都是堕落跌倒。罪永远是让你受伤的失脚跌跤。在（马太福音6:14）神有要求： “如果你们饶恕人的过犯、你们的天父也必饶恕你们的过犯”。另见加拉太书6:1; 罗马书5:15-20。

8.不信是罪。（约翰一书5:10） “信　神儿子的、就有这见证在他心裡。不信　神的、就是将　神当作说谎的。因不信　神为他儿子作的见证 ”。

9.亵渎是罪，不敬虔是罪。（罗马书4:5） “可是，那不作工的、只信那称罪人为义的　神（只信那称不敬虔的人为义的　神）、他的信就算为义了”。（罗马书5:6） “当我们还软弱的时候，基督就照所定的日期，为不敬虔的人死了（基督就按所定的日期, 为罪人死了。）”。另见提摩太前书1:9; 彼得前书4:18; 彼得后书2:5,7; 犹大书4节，15节。

10.不道德是罪。这意思是在宇宙的道德秩序上做错了。（加拉太书5:19-21） “情慾的事、都是显而易见的．就如姦淫、污秽、邪荡、拜偶像、邪术、仇恨、争竞、忌恨、恼怒、结党、纷争、异端、嫉妒、醉酒、荒宴等类、我从前告诉你们、现在又告诉你们、行这样事的人、必不能承受　神的国。”。参见歌罗西书3:5-9; 马可福音7:19-20。

C. The Scriptural Statement of Sin.

“All unrighteousness is sin: and there is a sin not unto death” (I John 5:17). See also I John 3:4;Proverbs 14:21; 21:4; 24:9; Romans 3:23; 6:23; I Samuel 15:23; Jeremiah 3:25; 14:7; James 2:9; 4:17; Romans 14:23.

C.圣经所声明的罪。

“凡不义的事都是罪．也有不至于死的罪。”（约翰一书5:17）。又见约翰一书3:4; 箴言14:21;  21:4; 24:9; 罗马书3:23; 6:23; 撒母耳记下15:23; 耶利米书3:25; 14:7; 雅各书2:9; 4:17; 罗马书14:23。

D. The Theological Definitions of Sin.

1. Sin is the transgression of, or lack of conforming to the law of God.

2. Sin is deficiency of love to God and man.

3. Sin is preference of self to God.

4. Sin is insubordination.

5. Sin is lack of conformity with God or His moral law in act, disposition, or state.

6. Sin is that which ought not to be.

D.罪的神学定义。

  1.罪是违背或不符合神的律法。

  2.罪是对神或对人缺乏爱心。

  3.罪是体贴自己超过体贴神。

  4.罪是不服从。

  5.罪是在行为`态度或立场上与神不合，或不符合神的道德律。

  6.罪是那不应该的（行为或态度…）。

E. The Summary of Scripture Concerning Sin.

1. Toward God.
a. Rebellion. “Rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is as iniquity and idolatry” (I Sam. 15:23a).
b. Failure to Love God Supremely. “Thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might” (Deut. 6:5).

2. Toward the Divine Law.
a. Willful Transgression. “The soul that doeth ought presumptuously, whether he be born in the land, or a stranger, the same reproacheth the LORD; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people” (Num. 15:30).
b. Violation Through Ignorance. “If any soul sin through ignorance, then he shall bring a she goat of the first year for a sin offering” (Num. 15:27). See also Hebrews 9:7.

3. Toward Man.
a. Injustice. “Thou shalt not defraud thy neighbor, neither rob: the wages of him that is hired shall not abide with thee all night until the morning” (Lev. 19:13).
b. Failure to Love Him as One’s Self. “Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself: I am the LORD” (Lev. 19:18).

4. Toward Self.
a. Selfishness. “What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? orwhat shall a man give in exchange for his soul?” (Matt. 16:26).
b. Corruption. “Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me” (Ps. 51:5).

E. 论到罪时圣经的总括。

1.对神的。
a.叛逆。（撒母耳记上15:23a） “悖逆的罪、与行邪术的罪相等．顽梗的罪、与拜虚神和偶像的罪相同．”
b.没有尽心尽力去爱神。（申命记6:5） “你要尽心，尽性，尽力爱耶和华你的神”。

2.对神律法的。。
a.故意犯错。。（民数记15:30） “但那擅敢行事的、无论是本地人是寄居的、他亵渎了耶和华、必从民中剪．“。
b.因无知而触犯律法。（民数记15:27） “若有一个人误犯了罪、他就要献一岁的母山羊作赎罪祭”。另见希伯来书9:7。

3.对人的。
a.不公正。（利未记19:13） “不可欺压你的邻舍、也不可抢夺他的物．雇工人的工价、不可在你那裡过夜留到早晨。”。
b.不爱人如己。 （利未记19:18）“不可报仇、也不可埋怨你本国的子民、却要爱人如己．我是耶和华。”。

4.对于自我的。
a.自私。（马太福音16:26） “人若赚得全世界、赔上自己的生命、有甚麽益处呢．人还能拿甚麽换生命呢。”。
b.败坏。（诗篇51:5） “我是在罪孽裡生的．在我母亲怀胎的时候、就有了罪。”。

IV. THE EXTENT OF SIN

A. As to the Heavens.

The Scriptures reveal the fact that both sin and salvation began in heaven and came to earth. Sin began in heaven with the fall of Satan (Ezek. 28). Salvation is completed in heaven with themediatorial work of Christ (Heb. 9:24).

B. As to the Earth.

1. The Vegetable Kingdom. “Unto Adam he said, because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying. Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field” (Gen. 3:17, 18). Isaiah 55:13 reveals the blessed fact that the curse shall be taken off of the vegetable kingdom when Christ comes: “Instead of the thorn, shall come up the fir tree, and instead of the briar shall come up the myrtle tree: and it shall be to the LORD for a name, for an everlasting sign that shall not be cut off.”

2. The Animal Kingdom. Before the fall of man there were no man-eating animals. Isaiah 11:6-9tells us that this curse also shall be removed at Christ’s second coming: “The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them. And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice’ den. They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain: for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD as the waters cover the sea.”

3. The Race of Mankind.
a. The Universality of Sin. All men are sinners: “All have sinned and come short of the glory of God” (Rom. 3:23).
b. The Totality of Sin. All of man is sinful — his body, soul and spirit. “They are all gone out of the way, they are together become unprofitable: there is none that doeth good, no, not one. . . .there is no fear of God before their eyes. Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them that are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God” (Rom. 3:12, 18, 19.)

肆。罪的延伸

A.及至天堂。

圣经揭示了这个事实：罪和救恩都是从天上开始然后来到地上人间的。罪是开始于天上,随着撒但的堕落临到人间（以西结书28章）。救恩是藉着基督为中保的工作在天上完成（希伯来书9:24）。

B.及至地球。

1.蔬果的国度。（创世记3:17-18） “神又对亚当说、你既听从妻子的话、吃了我所吩咐你不可吃的那树上的果子、地必为你的缘故受咒诅．你必终身劳苦、纔能从地裡得吃的。地必给你长出荆棘和蒺藜来、你也要吃田间的菜蔬“。以赛亚书55:13揭示了这样一个蒙福的事实：当基督降临时，咒诅将从蔬果的国度被挪去：“松树长出代替荆棘．番石榴长出代替蒺藜．这要为耶和华留名、作为永远的证据、不能剪除。”。

2.动物的国度。在人类悖逆神堕落之前，那时地上没有吃人的野兽。以赛亚书11:6-9告诉我们，当基督第二次降临时，野兽吃人的这个咒诅也将会被除去：“豺狼必与绵羊羔同居、豹子与山羊羔同卧．少壮狮子、与牛犊、并肥畜同群。小孩子要牵引他们。牛必与熊同食。牛犊必与小熊同卧。狮子必喫草与牛一样。喫奶的孩子必玩耍在虺蛇的洞口、断奶的婴儿必按手在毒蛇的穴上。在我圣山的遍处、这一切都不伤人、不害物。因为认识耶和华的知识要充满遍地、好像水充满洋海一般”。

3.人类的种族。
a.罪的普遍性。所有的人都是罪人：“世人都犯了罪，亏缺了神的荣耀”（罗马书3:23）。
b.罪的整体性。人的全部都是有罪的 – 包括他的体，魂和灵。 “都是偏离正路、一同变为无用．没有行善的、连一个也没有。。 。 。他们眼中不怕　神。然而我们晓得，凡律法所说的，都是对在律法之下的人说的，好让每一个人都没有话可讲，使全世界的人都伏在　神的审判之下。”（罗马书3:12,18-19）

V. THE REALM OF SIN

  A. As An Act.

   Man commits sins by his conduct.

 B. A State.

   Man is void of righteousness.

 C. As a Nature.

  Man is conceived in sin, born in sin, and is, therefore, a sinner by nature.

伍. 罪的范畴

A. 从人的行为上看。

人通过他的行为犯罪。

B.从人的状态看。

人没有义。

C.从本性上看。

人在罪中受孕，生来有罪，因此，按本性是一个罪人。

VI. THE PENALTY OF SIN

A. The Natural Penalty.

This can best be illustrated by the example of a child who was forbidden to eat of a certain food. He disobeyed and ate too much, with the result that he became sick. The natural consequence of his disobedience was his illness. The natural penalty of sin is disease, disappointment and physical death.

陆。罪的懲罰

A. 天然的懲罰。

这可以藉着一个儿童吃了某种被禁止吃的食物为例来说明。这个小孩不听话，吃了不该吃的或吃太多，导致他生病了。不服从的自然结果是他的生病。罪的自然惩罚是疾病`失望和肉体的死亡。

B. The Positive Penalty.

To continue with the above example, we find that the natural penalty was the child’s becoming sick. The positive penalty is the spanking he received from his father. The positive penalty of sin is described by the following:

1. Death. “The wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord” (Rom. 6:23). Death, in Scripture, never means “annihilation” or “complete destruction.” There is no place in the Word where the word “annihilation” can be substituted for “death.”
a. Spiritual Death. “She that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth” (I Tim. 5:6).
b. Eternal Death. “Death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death” (Rev. 20:14). “The Lord Jesus shall be revealed . . . in the flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ: who shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power” (II Thess. 1:7, 8, 9). See also Revelation 20:12; 21:8. There was no death before sin came into man’s life. Man was created to dwell with God forever. Death is said to have “passed upon all men” (Rom. 5:12). The word “passed” is translated “pierced through” in Luke 2:35; “go through” in Matthew 19:24; and “passed through” in I Corinthians 10:1.

B.確定會有的懲罰。

从上面的例子来看，我们发现自然的惩罚是孩子的生病。正面的惩罚是他从父亲那裡受到的处罚。罪的正面惩罚被描述如下：

1.死。（罗马书6:23） “因为罪的工价乃是死．惟有　神的恩赐、在我们的主基督耶稣裡、乃是永生”。死，在圣经裡，从来就不意味着“消失湮灭”或“完全毁灭”。在圣经中没有任何一处是用“湮灭”去取代“死亡”的经文。
a.灵死。（提摩太前书5:6） “寡妇若奢侈宴乐，虽然活着也是死”。
b.永死。 “死亡和阴间也被扔在火湖裡．这火湖就是第二次的死。”（启示录20:14）。 “主耶稣必显现。 。 。那时、主耶稣同他有能力的天使、从天上在火焰中显现要报应那不认识　神、和那不听从我主耶稣福音的人。他们要受刑罚、就是永远沉沦、离开主的面和他权能的荣光．“（帖撒罗尼迦后书 1:7,8,9）参见启示录20:12; 21:8。
在罪进入人类生命之前，人是没有死亡的。人是被造来与与神永远同住的。圣经说死“临到众人（pass到所有人身上）” （罗马书5:12）“这就如罪是从一人入了世界、死又是从罪来的、于是死就临到众人、因为众人都犯了罪。”。“pass”这个词在马太福音19:24中被翻译成“穿过”;在哥林多前书10:1中被翻译为“经过”。

2. Lost. “While I was with them in the world, I kept them in thy name: those that thou gavest me I have kept, and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition; that the scripture might be fulfilled” (John 17:12). The word “lost” is the same as the words “perish” (John 3:16) and “destroy” (Matt. 10:28).

2.丧亡。 “我与他们同在的时候、因你所赐给我的名、保守了他们、我也护卫了他们、其中除了那灭亡之子、没有一个丧亡的．好叫经上的话得应验。“（约翰福音17:12）。 “丧亡-Lost”这个词与（约翰福音3:16）的 “灭亡-Perish”和（马太福音10:28）的“毁灭-destroy”相同。

3. Condemned. “He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already; because he hath not believed on the name of the only begotten Son of God” (John 3:18). The word “condemnation” is a legal term, and indicates judicial decision. This same word, “condemnation,” is “damnation” in John 5:29, and “judgment” in Matthew 11:22, 24; II Peter 2:4, 9; 3:7; I John 4:17; Jude 6.

3.被定罪。 “信他的人、不被定罪．不信的人、罪已经定了、因为他不信　神独生子的名。“（约翰福音3:18）。 “定罪-condemnation”这字是个法律名词，表示司法判决。同样的字，“Condemnation”这字，在约翰福音5:29中是“定罪-damnation ”；在马太福音11:22,24; 彼得后书2:4,9;  3:7; 约翰一书4:17; 犹大书6节 是与“审判-judgment” 相同。

4. Guilt. “Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God” (Rom. 3:19).

4.有罪。 “我们晓得律法上的话、都是对律法以下之人说的、好塞住各人的口、叫普世的人都伏在　神审判之下（承认有罪）。”（罗马书3:19）。

5. Perdition. “Let your conversation be as it becometh the gospel of Christ: that . . . I may hear . . . that ye stand fast in one spirit. . . in nothing terrified by your adversaries: which is to them an evident token of perdition, but to you of salvation, and that of God” (Phil. 1:27, 28). See also John 17:12; II Thessalonians 2:3; Hebrews 10:39; II Peter 3:7; Revelation 17:8, 11. This same word “perdition” is translated “destruction” in Matthew 7:13: “Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat.” See also Romans 9:22; Philippians 3:19; II Peter 3:16. (In the New Testament the word “destruction” means “ruin”.) In Matthew 26:8 it is translated “waste”: “When his disciples saw it, they had indignation, saying, To what purpose is this waste?” The word “perish” in Matthew 9:17 is the same word as “perdition”: “Neither do men put new wine into old bottles: else the bottles break, and the wine runneth out, and the bottles perish: but they put new wine into new bottles, and both are preserved.”

5.沉沦。 （腓利比書1:27-28）“只要你们行事为人与基督的福音相称. . . 叫我或许…可以听见你们的景况、知道你们同有一个心志、站立得稳、为所信的福音齐心努力．凡事不怕敌人的惊吓。这是证明他们沉沦、你们得救、都是出于　神。”。约翰福音17:12;帖撒罗尼迦后书2:3; 希伯来书10:39; 彼得后书3:7; 启示录17:8,11。在马太福音7:13中，同样的原文“perdition-沉沦”一词被翻译为“destruction-灭亡”：“你们要进窄门。因为引到灭亡、那门是宽的、路是大的、进去的人也多”。参见罗马书9:22; 腓立比书3:19; 彼得后书3:16。 （在新约圣经中，“destruction-灭亡”这个词的意思是“ruin-坏了”。）在马太福音26:8中，它被翻译为“浪费-waste”：“门徒看见了，就很生气，说：“为什么这样浪费呢？”. . . . 马太福音9:17中的“灭亡-perish”一词与“沉沦-perdition” (坏了-ruin）原是同一个词：“也没有人把新酒装在旧皮袋裡．若是这样、皮袋就裂开、酒漏出来、连皮袋也坏了。惟独把新酒装在新皮袋裡、两样就都保全了“

6. Punishment. “These shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal” (Matt. 25:46). There is a difference between the above Scripture and Hebrews 12:6: “Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth.” Punishment is for the sinner; chastisement for the saint.

6.刑罰。 “這些人要往永刑裡去．那些義人要往永生裡去。”（馬太福音25:46）。上面的經文和希伯來書12:6有一點不同：“因為主所愛的他必管教、又鞭打凡所收納的兒子。” 刑罰是要給罪人的;管教是要給信徒的。

7. Eternal — Everlasting. “These shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal” (Matt. 25:46). See also Jude 6; II Thessalonians 1:9; Revelation 20:10; 14:11.

Some say that the words “everlasting” and “eternal” mean “a long life, an age, age lasting.” In other words, they say that guilty sinners will endure the fires of hell only for an age; after being purified, they shall enjoy eternal bliss with the rest of the saints of God. But this we add, “If hell and punishment are not forever, then there is no such thing as eternal life, nor eternal salvation.” The same word “eternal,” or “everlasting,” is used of God, “How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?” (Heb. 9:14). “The revelation of the mystery… now is made manifest, and by the scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of theeverlasting God, made known to all nations for the obedience of faith” (Rom. 16:26). If the punishment in hell for the damned is not eternal, then salvation is not eternal, and God is not eternal! But He is! So is salvation eternal; so is punishment.

7.永恆 – 永遠。 “这些人要往永刑裡去．那些义人要往永生裡去。”（马太福音25:46）。另见犹大书6;帖撒罗尼迦后书1:9;启示录20:10; 14:11。

有人说“永恆”这个词的意思是指“一个长寿的生命，一个岁数，寿命长久”的意思”。换句话说，他们说有罪的罪人只会在一段时期忍受地狱之火;在被炼淨之后，他们将与神的其他圣徒一同享受永恆的幸福。但，针对这看法，我们要回应这些话：“如果地狱和刑罚不是永远的，那麽就没有永恆生命，也没有永远的救赎这件事了”。同一个词“永恆-eternal”或“永远-everlasting” 被使用来论到神，“何况基督藉着永远的灵、将自己无瑕无疵献给　神、他的血岂不更能洗淨你们的良心，除去你们的死行、使你们事奉那永生　神麽？“（希伯来书9:14）。 “这奥秘….如今显明出来、而且按着永生　神的命、藉众先知的书指示万国的民、使他们信服真道。”（罗马书16:26）。如果被定罪者的刑罚不是永恆的，那麽救恩就不是永恆的，神也就不是永恆的了！但祂是永恆的！因此，救恩也是永恆的; 刑罚也是。